
Dragan Milosevic
President
Geological and Mining Association of Serbia
Mineral rich countries - curse or opportunity
Serbia’s resource wealth presents both risks and opportunities. The country holds significant deposits of copper, gold, lithium, boron, coal, and industrial minerals, positioning it as a potential hub for Europe’s energy transition. Properly managed, these resources could attract foreign investment, boost exports, and fund infrastructure, education, and innovation. However, Serbia also faces “resource curse” risks: heavy reliance on raw mineral exports, environmental degradation, and political pressures around foreign concessions. Lithium projects, for example, highlight tensions between economic gains and ecological or social concerns. The key lies in governance—transparent contracts, fair revenue sharing, and reinvestment into diversified industries. If Serbia strengthens institutions and balances mining with sustainability, its resource base can become an opportunity. If not, it risks falling into dependency, conflict, and environmental costs.